High Quality Writing
Input: $ARGUMENTS
Core Principles
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Write for the reader’s journey. Every piece of writing is a path. The reader arrives with a question or need, and leaves with understanding or capability. Map that journey before writing. What do they know? What do they need? What order do they need it in?
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Every section answers a question. If you can’t state what question a section answers, it shouldn’t exist. The question should be one the reader actually has at that point in the journey — not one you want to answer.
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Specificity is clarity. Vague writing isn’t cautious, it’s unclear. “The system is fast” says nothing. “The system responds in <50ms at p99” says everything. When you can’t be specific, say why (“response time depends on X, ranging from Y to Z”).
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Voice matches purpose. Technical documentation: precise, neutral. Persuasive writing: confident, direct. Narrative: vivid, concrete. Academic: measured, evidence-grounded. Match the voice to what the reader needs to feel.
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Delete until it hurts. First drafts are always too long. Cut everything that doesn’t serve the reader’s journey. If cutting a sentence doesn’t degrade understanding, it was decoration.
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Show the reasoning. Don’t just state conclusions — show how you got there. “X is true because Y, which we can see from Z.” Readers trust writers who show their work.
The Writing Process
1. Define the Reader
WHO: [Who is reading this? What do they know already?]
NEED: [What do they need after reading? Knowledge? Capability? Decision?]
STATE BEFORE: [What do they believe/know/feel before reading?]
STATE AFTER: [What should they believe/know/feel after?]
2. Map the Journey
What questions does the reader have, and in what order?
The reader’s questions follow a natural progression:
- What is this? (orientation)
- Why should I care? (relevance)
- How does it work? (mechanism)
- How do I use it? (action)
- What if something goes wrong? (edge cases)
- What’s next? (continuation)
Not every piece needs all six. But the ORDER matters — don’t explain how to use something before the reader knows what it is or why it matters.
3. Write
For each section:
- State the question it answers (even if not as a literal header)
- Answer that EXACT question. A “What?” question needs a definition, not a history. A “How?” question needs steps, not theory.
- Use the simplest structure that serves the answer:
- Comparison → table
- Sequence → numbered list
- Explanation → prose with examples
- Options → bulleted list with rationale
4. Detect Weak Patterns
After drafting, scan for these. Each weakens the writing:
| Pattern | Example | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Hedging qualifiers | ”It could potentially perhaps…” | State it or don’t. Remove qualifiers. |
| Defensive negation | ”It’s not that X is wrong, it’s that…” | Say what IS true directly. |
| Passive responsibility | ”Mistakes were made” | Say who did what. |
| False precision | ”Approximately 37.2%“ | Use the precision you actually have. |
| Weasel words | ”Some experts say…” | Which experts? Name them or cut it. |
| Throat-clearing | ”It’s worth noting that…” | Delete the throat-clear. Start with the point. |
| Nominalization | ”The implementation of the system" | "Implementing the system” — use verbs, not noun-ified verbs. |
| Summary-like statements | ”As we’ve discussed…” | Don’t summarize, advance. |
| Sections without questions | A block of text that doesn’t answer anything | Delete or restructure around a reader question. |
5. Verify Claims
Every factual claim should be marked:
[O: source]— Observed from a specific source[T: test]— Testable prediction[D: premises]— Derived from stated premises
Unmarked claims are opinions. That’s fine — but know which is which.
Voice Guide
| Context | Voice | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Technical docs | Precise, neutral | Short sentences. Active voice. No metaphor. |
| Essays/arguments | Confident, direct | State positions. Show reasoning. Acknowledge counterarguments. |
| Tutorials | Warm, clear | Second person (“you”). Concrete examples. Celebrate progress. |
| Academic | Measured, qualified | Precise hedging (when warranted). Citations. Signal uncertainty honestly. |
| Narrative | Vivid, concrete | Sensory detail. Specific scenes. Character action over abstraction. |
Structure Patterns
| Reader Need | Structure |
|---|---|
| Understand a concept | Definition → Example → Contrast → Edge cases |
| Make a decision | Options → Criteria → Comparison → Recommendation |
| Learn to do something | Goal → Prerequisites → Steps → Verification → Troubleshooting |
| Understand what happened | Context → Events → Consequences → Lessons |
| Be persuaded | Problem → Evidence → Proposed solution → Objections addressed → Call to action |
Pre-Completion Check
- Reader defined (who, need, before/after states)
- Every section answers a reader question
- Questions are in reader’s natural order
- Weak patterns scanned and fixed
- Voice matches purpose
- Specific where possible, honest about uncertainty where not